This paper considers the development of inter-agency partnerships between the probation service and voluntary sector organizations in the early 1990s in England and Wales and reports the results of research by the author ...

Objective: To consider the impact of community treatment orders (CommTOs) on Maori patients and their whanau (extended family) and the associated views of mental health professionals. Method: As a distinct aspect of a ...

Clinicians who treat patients using Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) face many potential dilemmas in their relations with involuntary outpatients and the exercise of their powers. We compare the dilemmas identified in the ...

Objective: To determine New Zealand mental health clinicians' views about community treatment orders, indications for their use, their benefits, problems and impact on patients and therapeutic relationships. Method: A ...

In New Zealand, Amendment No. 9 (1999) of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 introduced Home Detention Orders as an early release from prison option, implemented on the 1st October 1999. The orders, with electronic monitoring,were ...

Alternatives to custody in New Zealand have followed a format similar to criminal justice systems in the UK and other European countries but with a stronger emphasis on both punitive, work-based options like periodic ...

Background: People with serious mental disorders typically live with family members. Despite increasing interest in compulsory community treatment for such patients, the experience and views of their family members have ...

In this article victim contact work undertaken by the New Zealand probation service will be reviewed. Victim contact work involves probation staff in making enquiries for reparation and emotional harm reports at the pre- ...