Abstract
In a world dealing with finite supplies of progressively cloudy petroleum and a dependency upon petroleum-based synthetic polymers, the generation of plastics based upon 100% renewable resources, may offer a solution for environmental impact. Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) could be implemented in place of petroleum-based plastics. This chapter highlights the various aspects of bio-based natural polymers including, chitosan, collagen and keratin when functionalized with carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclay, and metal nanoparticles. Chemical modifications lead to nanofillers becoming homogeneously dispersed within a polymer matrix that may fabricate advanced eco-friendly packaging, fibers/clothing, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, sensor, dye removal, membrane technology, the possibilities are endless.