Abstract
This chapter revisits the Practice as Research (PaR) cultures of Aotearoa and Australia to discover a “mixed bag”; though they are quite well established, confusions remain. Despite national research audit in both countries, criteria are not consistently clear: Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) in Australia distinguishes between creative practice per se and research, whilst the Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) 2017 in Aotearoa appears still to elide the two. Similarly, a clear distinction between PaRPhD and PD is being eroded, with some doctoral candidates in both countries seemingly lacking the knowledge base PhD requires. The elision of research and creative practice leads to expectations in some quarters for work of national/international excellence (as in Nordic countries) and enhanced funding to this end. The chapter concludes with hopes that the next research rounds (2023, 2025) will bring refined sets of criteria.