Abstract
This chapter will discuss the context within which traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in particular mild TBI is investigated principally in an emergency setting. It provides background in relation to health system burden and discusses the cognitive processes involved in the assessment and follow-up of patients with TBI. This then leads to a discussion of the information gaps in such assessment pathways and how biomarkers are needed to fill these crucial information gaps in order to provide optimized acute and follow-up patient care.