Abstract
Chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) is commonly encountered in the later stages of chronic kidney failure (CKD). A range of treatments are used to correct the metabolic abnormalities observed with CKD‐MBD. This chapter examines the evidence for management of CKD‐MBD in adults, including transplant‐related bone disease. The heterogeneity in clinical and biochemical abnormalities of CKD‐MBD makes it difficult to determine its exact prevalence in patients with CKD. Diagnostic tests for renal osteodystrophy would ideally examine the essential properties of bone: strength for load bearing, flexibility to absorb energy, compression, and tension without fracture, and volume and weight to facilitate mobility. Phosphate binders reduce phosphorus absorption from dietary content through binding within the gut. Bisphosphonates are used widely for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and its complications in the general population.