Abstract
Oceania and the Caribbean host ethnically diverse populations. Across the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic factors adversely affect kidney health and impact the availability of health services and measurement of outcomes. With increases in noncommunicable diseases, the burden and impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) across the SIDS is high. Despite this, there are limited data on population-based CKD prevalence estimates and outcomes. In response to growth in the prevalence of CKD and its associated adverse health outcomes, various governments across the SIDS are currently expanding their capacities to improve care for these patients. Regionally, in-center hemodialysis is the predominant form of kidney replacement therapy, and few countries have organ transplantation programs. Delays in acute kidney injury recognition, coupled with high rates of risk factors (inclusive of dehydration, infection and nephrotoxin exposure), add to acute kidney injury–attributable morbidity and mortality.