Abstract
Changes to travel behaviour as a result of COVID-19 drew sharp attention to the reciprocal relationships between health and travel behaviour. The virus spread rapidly partly because of our hyper-mobile society; subsequently, travel has been restricted by efforts to contain the spread. However, there are far wider ranging relationships between travel behaviour and health, in particular in relation to non-communicable diseases and wellbeing more broadly. This chapter provides an overview of the multiple ways in which travel behaviour influences health outcomes, of both populations and individuals. We also review the ways in which health status influences travel behaviour. We pay particular attention to inequalities, considering how demographics, socio-economic and health status of different population groups impact on, and are impacted differently by, travel behaviour.