Abstract
Justice is a complex concept with multiple connotations extending from "universal to a situated, place base" (Jamal & Higham, 2021, p. 155). Over the past few decades, tourism scholars have increasingly considered justice issues in tourism research and endeavored to theorize and operationalize the concept. One of these initial recognitions was Hultsman's introduction of 'just tourism' (1995) as an ethical framework for tourism. Despite its self-limitation to tourism service delivery, the framework already addressed a wide range of concerns that are still relevant today, such as ecological impacts, issues related to and arising from marketing, sustainability, social concerns, and a call for ethics to be better integrated in tourism education. Bringing together guest and host perspectives, Scheyvens (2002, p. 104) described justice tourism as an equitable and ethical form of tourism that "builds solidarity between visitors and those visited; promotes mutual understanding and relationships based on equity, sharing and respect; supports self-sufficiency and self-determination of local communities; [and] maximizes local economic, cultural and social benefit". Higgins-Desbiolles (2008) described justice tourism as a phenomenon that seeks to address the existing inequalities and outline a more just future by overturning capitalist globalization.