Abstract
This chapter presents evidence-based assessment and physical rehabilitation techniques, used by clinical exercise physiologists and physiotherapists for the treatment and management of Long COVID. Understand Post Exertional Malaise (PEM) (also known as Post Exertional Symptom Exacerbation (PESE)) is especially relevant to physical rehabilitation, assessment and exercise prescription. Cautions for exercise are identified, along with autonomic, cardiac, and respiratory considerations for assessment. Although much of our understanding of Post Exertional Malaise (PEM) is informed by studies on ME/CFS conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, it is relevant to the experience of people with Long COVID, and ongoing research is expected to uncover distinctions and additional insights. As a health care professional, it is vital to reflect on each patient's symptom onset and duration and adopt a flexible approach to physical rehabilitation. Validation of lived experience and awareness of variability in Long COVID symptom profiles are essential to promote positive outcomes.