Abstract
Estrogen is involved in normal male sexual function. Here, we explored estrogen's role on both the sexual refractory period (i.e., the time when males cannot be sexually aroused after an ejaculation) and the Coolidge effect (i.e., a shortening of the refractory period when a novel sexual partner is introduced after ejaculation) in male rats. This research may be relevant to estrogen-deprived men such as those with natural cause (due to genetic or hormonal conditions) or due to various treatments (e.g., cancer treatment).