主题公园作为重要的休闲和社会文化空间，不仅为游客提供沉浸式的主题环境和多样化的游乐设施，也承载着跨代互动、情感记忆和家庭体验的多重功能。对于小学生亲子家庭而言，主题公园既是娱乐场所，也是观察家庭成员互动与行为模式的重要场景。本研究以上海迪士尼乐园为案例，聚焦小学生家庭的“动线体验”，旨在探索时间因素、团队动态及过程中遭遇的“麻烦”如何影响家庭的满意度和参与感。本研究的动机源于中国家庭休闲旅游的快速发展以及学界对游客体验研究的持续关注。研究试图回答三个核心问题：（1）哪些因素最显著地影响小学生家庭在主题公园中的动线体验？（2）不同家庭的动线体验模式是否存在共性？父母与孩子的体验有何差异？（3）如何优化动线设计与管理以提升家庭参与度与整体体验？
2021年7月至9月期间，本研究邀请八个志愿者家庭参与实地调研，采用陪同式观察、非正式访谈、电子地图（通过“两步路”APP记录）与手绘地图收集相结合的多源数据采集方法，并使用NVivo软件对文本及空间数据进行系统整理与主题分析。研究结果表明，电子地图主要呈现家庭的真实行进轨迹，而手绘地图则揭示了游玩过程中情感与体验的“核心节点”，为理解家庭体验提供了新的方法论视角。通过主题分析法，本研究获得了三个关键主题：时间、团队与麻烦。时间维度涉及游玩日期、时间控制、项目选择、游玩效率、体验频次及游客对时间的主观感受；团队维度揭示了家庭成员组合、家庭内外互动以及“动线主导者”在动线模式和决策过程中起到的重要作用；麻烦维度包括排队、天气、随身物品、寻路及身高限制等常见问题，这些因素既可能打断行程，也可能重塑体验，成为动线体验的重要组成部分。
在理论贡献部分，本研究有三个方面的主要贡献：其一，理论视角贡献：本研究的家庭动线体验并非事后评价，而是在移动中动态地生成和构建的。研究从流动的视角诠释了游客的动线和动线体验，突出了“过程性”和“行动性”，并结合亲子家庭休闲中的互动、儿童主导性和流动理论对数据做出了解释。其二，理论框架贡献：本研究对一手数据进行主题分析，提炼出“时间（Time）”、“团队（Team）”和“麻烦（Trouble）”三个维度，并通过流动理论构筑了关于动线体验的“时间——团队——麻烦（3T）”三要素整合框架，形成了解释家庭动线体验的核心动态模型；丰富了关于主题公园游客体验的质性研究，为未来整合空间、时间与行为维度的跨学科研究提供了理论基础。其三，方法创新贡献：本研究采用了电子轨迹追踪（两步路App）+手绘地图结合的方法，实现了客观路径与主观体验的双重呈现，拓展了主题公园体验研究的方法路径；同时，本研究从方法论上将空间动线数据与叙事主题分析相结合，展示了融合行为轨迹与体验感知的研究潜力。
在实践层面，本研究基于实证，助力打造更为家庭友好的游客动线体验体系，为主题公园提出了动线管理建议，包括从时间维度优化信息与体验效率、从团队维度实现赋能互动与情感连接，从麻烦维度做到预见并化解体验障碍。这些建议为主题公园管理者提供了可操作的实践参考，并为后续的定量建模与实时追踪研究奠定基础。同时，本研究对家庭游客也做出了合理化建议，包括选择合适的游玩日期，提前规划路线与项目，准备必要物品与应急措施等
Theme parks are important leisure and socio-cultural spaces that not only provide visitors with immersive themed environments and diverse attractions, but also serve as venues for intergenerational interaction, emotional memory-making, and shared family experiences. For families with primary school children, theme parks are both sites of entertainment and valuable contexts for observing family interactions and behavioral patterns. Using Shanghai Disneyland as a case study, this research focuses on the route experience of primary school families, aiming to explore how temporal factors, team dynamics, and challenges encountered during the visit affect family satisfaction and engagement. This study is motivated by the rapid growth of family leisure tourism in China and the increasing academic interest in visitor experience research. It seeks to answer three key questions: (1) What factors most significantly influence the route experience of primary school families in theme parks? (2) Are there commonalities in route experience patterns across different families, and how do parents’ and children’s experiences differ? (3) How can route design and management be optimized to improve family participation and overall experience?
From July to September 2021, eight volunteer families participated in field research. Multiple data collection methods were adopted, including participant observation, informal interviews, the collection of electronic route maps (recorded via the "Two Steps" app) and hand-drawn maps. NVivo software was used to systematically organize and conduct thematic analysis of the textual and spatial data. The results show that electronic maps captured the families’ actual movement trajectories, whereas hand-drawn maps revealed the emotionally and experientially significant "core nodes" of the visits, offering a novel methodological perspective for understanding family experiences. Through thematic analysis, this research identified three key themes: time, team, and trouble. The time dimension includes visit dates, time management, attraction selection, visiting efficiency, frequency of experiences, and visitors’ subjective perception of time. The team dimension highlights the influence of family composition, interactions within and between families, and the role of the "route leader" in shaping route patterns and decision-making. The trouble dimension encompasses queuing, weather, belongings, way-finding, and height restrictions—factors that can disrupt routes but also reshape them and become part of the overall experience.
In the part of theoretical contributions, this study makes three main contributions: Firstly, contribution in theoretical perspective: The family route experience in this study is not an ex - post evaluation but is dynamically generated and constructed during the movement. The study interprets tourists' routes and route experiences from a fluid perspective, highlighting the "processuality" and "actionability". It also combines the interaction in parent - child family leisure, children's leading role, and the mobilities theory to explain the data. Secondly, contribution in theoretical framework: This study conducts a thematic analysis of the first - hand data and extracts three dimensions: "Time", "Team", and "Trouble". Through the mobilities theory, it constructs an integrated framework of the three elements of "Time - Team - Trouble (3T)" for route experience, forming a core dynamic model to explain family route experience. This enriches the qualitative research on theme park tourists' experiences and provides a theoretical basis for future interdisciplinary research integrating spatial, temporal, and behavioral dimensions. Thirdly, contribution in method innovation: This study adopts a method that combines electronic trajectory tracking (TwoSteps App) with hand - drawn maps, achieving a dual presentation of objective paths and subjective experiences, and expanding the methodological path for theme park experience research. At the same time, from a methodological perspective, this study combines spatial route data with narrative thematic analysis, demonstrating the research potential of integrating behavioral trajectories and experience
At the practical level, this research is based on empirical evidence and helps to create a more family-friendly visitor flow experience system. It provides motion line management suggestions for theme parks, including optimizing information and experience efficiency from the time dimension, achieving empowerment interaction and emotional connection from the team dimension, and anticipating and resolving experience obstacles from the trouble dimension. These suggestions offer operational practical references for theme park managers and lay the foundation for subsequent quantitative modeling and real-time tracking research. At the same time, this research also provides reasonable suggestions for family visitors, such as choosing appropriate visiting dates, planning routes and projects in advance, preparing necessary items and emergency measures.