Abstract
This thesis explores the socio-political dynamics of Sustainable Land Development (SLD) in Fiji over the past fifty years since gaining independence, looking at the challenges faced by the indigenous Fijian communities known as the iTaukei. The study examines the tension between indigenous perspectives on land use and Fiji's political landscape regarding sustainability, which has greatly influenced and affected SLD in the country. These tensions primarily revolve around the narrative of the iTaukei losing their land to vulagi (foreigners), exacerbated by the effects of climate change, and manipulated by politicians driven by personal gain.
The aim of this research is to provide fresh insights into SLD from the iTaukei perspective in Fiji because within the fifty years since Fiji's independence, research on SLD has predominantly focused on an economic perspective, neglecting the goals and perspectives of iTaukei sustainable land use. Two research objectives guide this study. The first objective is to examine the significance of SLD within the iTaukei community through their Vanua Ecology. The second objective is to examine government initiatives and the Political Ecology surrounding land reform in Fiji, specifically exploring their impact on land use. These objectives are guided by two research questions. On the Vanua Ecology objective, the research question is: How do the iTaukei perceive and embrace SLD in Fiji since achieving independence? And on the effectiveness of government strategies in promoting sustainability within iTaukei communities, the research question is: What is the impact of government's approach to SLD in Fiji on iTaukei communities?
The Vanua Research Framework, a culturally appropriate research methodology with the iTaukei, facilitated this inquiry. The study revealed that prolonged absence of traditional leadership within the iTaukei community has led to the breakdown of governance structures and resulted in chaos in land use systems. Despite these challenges, the iTaukei communities continues to assert their rights and strive for recognition, even in the face of government policies that seemingly undermine their aspirations. The research findings indicate that there have been minimal changes in the government land use system since the colonial era. Moreover, the iTaukei communities’ express dissatisfaction with the government's limited involvement in SLD policies specifically tailored for them.
This in-depth analysis of Fiji's political and social climate on SLD shed light on the complex issues surrounding the ongoing struggle for indigenous rights, and explores broader implications for the country's approach to SLD. The research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the unique challenges faced by the iTaukei communities. It also offers insights that inform potential pathways for reconciliation, trust-building, and the pursuit of social and economic equity in Fiji.