Abstract
Access to HIV care and treatment services, including antiretroviral therapy, was expanded rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 with multi-lateral support from a range of donors. This expansion raised a wide range of highly pragmatic research questions relating to HIV counseling and testing services, diagnosis and management of HIV co-infections, HIV care and treatment service delivery, and the optimal use of antiretroviral therapy. I was fortunate to lead a collaborative health research, training, and service program in northern Tanzania from 2002-11. The body of work in this thesis represents our joint efforts to anticipate and respond to key health policy and clinical management research questions arising during this extraordinary period of transformation in management of HIV infection and disease in sub-Saharan Africa.