Abstract
The structure of the lower limb is specialized for support of the body’s weight, locomotion and maintenance of body stability (balance). Indeed, adaptations for weight-bearing and stability account for the major structural and functional differences between the upper and lower limbs. The inguinal (pelvicrural) and gluteal (buttock) regions are important anatomical junctional zones between the trunk and the lower limb through which longitudinally running nerves and vessels travel. The inguinal region includes the transitional zones between the lower limb and abdominal cavity via the myopectineal orifice (the gap between the inguinal ligament and hip joint) and inguinal canal, and provides a gateway for the passage of various structures. Similarly, the obturator canal allows for the obturator nerve and vessels to traverse between the pelvis and thigh. The gluteal region communicates with the lower limb and the abdominopelvic cavity via the greater sciatic foramen, and with the lower limb and pelvic cavity and perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen.