Abstract
A well-functioning ecosystem depends on biodiversity, and humans depend on a well-functioning
ecosystem for survival and wellbeing. In relation to ecological and environmental
degradation, large urban centres are commonly seen as ‘the problem’. However, they can also
play a significant role in the solution. As pressure for residential space expands, landscapes are
continuously altered, influencing species ability to survive in these environments. Green
infrastructure aims to respond to these challenges in urban space. While green infrastructure is&
largely utilised to improve ecosystem function, there is significant opportunity for a
multifunctional, more holistic approach for nature-based solutions.
It has been estimated that 87% of buildings that will exist in 2050 are already built. Therefore,
in order to make our urban areas more sustainable for both environmental and social wellbeing,
retrofitting must be at the forefront. As a result, this research explored strategies for
implementing biodiversity-focused green infrastructure in residential spaces in Dunedin,
Christchurch, and Wellington. Grounded by more-than-human development and sustainable
transition theories, a policy analysis and an online resident survey using photo elicitation were
used to understand the preferences, barriers, and realities of green infrastructure in residential
space across Aotearoa-New Zealand.
Findings from the resident survey show that there is an overall preference and support for
greening strategies when compared to hard landscaping options. Barriers to greening differed
between strategies, however overall, the most cited barriers were identified as lack of ownership
of the property, cost, maintenance, and lack of council support. These results showed that a
significant proportion of the barriers identified by survey participants are underpinned by a lack
of knowledge. These barriers were examined with reference to international best practice
approaches and the current policy context of the case study cities across Aotearoa New Zealand.
This research concludes that a mix of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches (such as
education and greening incentives), and supporting collective action across communities is
essential for the uptake of more biodiversity friendly management in urban green space.