Abstract
The current dominance of the private car in New Zealand is contributing to a compromised efficiency, connectedness and environment within New Zealand cities. Recognition that future challenges will restrict the availability of current modes emphasises the appropriateness of planning toward the future of our cities. This study investigates how a planning framework can be developed to assist a modal shift toward cycling in Dunedin, New Zealand. Theoretical approaches and international practice on the themes of characteristics important for assisting modal shift, benefits of modal shift and barriers to modal shift are explored in a three part international literature review and case studies. The focus of the international literature and the case studies is primarily on successful cycling cities in Europe to assist in understanding their success and aid in Dunedin’s potential success. A conceptualisation of the characteristics important for assisting modal shifts within theory and practice is then outlined.
Primary research involving key informant interviews was undertaken in Dunedin along with a wider New Zealand context to determine the characteristics, benefits and barriers to a modal shift in Dunedin. The findings indicate that the acceptance of the role of active transportation in the future of Dunedin is increasing, yet is still meeting a significant resistance at both the local and central government levels. This research also identified the most applicable barriers to a modal shift occurring, and highlighted some of the potential benefits of a modal shift in Dunedin. The key findings allowed for the development of a three stage planning framework for assisting modal shift promotion in Dunedin. The planning framework provides detailed insight into a potential direction for Dunedin to assist in modal shift promotion.
The research concludes with recommendations to the Dunedin City Council and the New Zealand Transport Agency that could aid in modal shift promotion to cycling in Dunedin. They include; developing an Active Transport Forum, implementing a ‘cycling champion’, initiating a cycle culture, implementing car restrictions, prioritising pedestrians and cyclists, developing a long term vision, integrating spatial policy and providing more guidance and education at a national level. The significance of this study is evident through the growing concern over the functionality of New Zealand cities personal transport networks, coupled with the extensive benefits that can be experienced with modal shifts to cycling. The importance of developing a planning framework for modal shift promotion in Dunedin is through the need for discussion and debate on progressing Dunedin’s current personal transport system, to one that can benefit the individual and the city in the future.