Abstract
This dissertation addresses the role s 5 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (NZBORA) plays in administrative decision-making. What this section requires of decision-makers remains unclear thirty-four years after NZBORA was enacted. There is debate among commentators whether s 5 requires consideration of NZBORA affirmed rights and freedoms (NZBORA rights) by the decision-maker or for the substantive decision to be consistent with NZBORA rights — or some combination of both.