Abstract
Gallium-68-labeled siderophores as radiotracers have gained interest for the development of in situ infection-specific imaging diagnostics. Here, we report radiolabeling, in vitro screening, and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of gallium-68-labeled schizokinen ([Ga-68]Ga-SKN) as a new potential radiotracer for imaging bacterial infections. We radiolabeled SKN with >= 95% radiochemical purity. Our in vitro studies demonstrated its hydrophilic characteristics, neutral pH stability, and short-term stability in human serum and toward transchelation. In vitro uptake of [Ga-68]Ga-SKN by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, but no uptake by Candida glabrata, C. albicans, or Aspergillus fumigatus, demonstrated its specificity to bacterial species. Whole-body [Ga-68]Ga-SKN positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computerized tomography (CT) in healthy mice showed rapid renal excretion with no or minimal organ uptake. The subsequent ex vivo biodistribution resembled this fast PK with rapid renal excretion with minimal blood retention and no major organ uptake and showed some dissociation of the tracer in the urine after 60 min postinjection. These findings warrant further evaluation of [Ga-68]Ga-SKN as a bacteria-specific radiotracer for infection imaging.