Abstract
This review paper outlines studies on the 122p53 mouse, a model of the human 133p53 isoform, together with studies in other model organisms, cell culture, and where available, clinical investigations. In general, these studies imply that, in contrast to the canonical p53 tumor suppressor, 133p53 family members have oncogenic capability. 122p53 is multi-functional, conferring survival and proliferative advantages on cells, promoting invasion, metastasis and vascularization, as does 133p53. Cancers with high levels of 133p53 often have poor prognosis. 122p53 mediates its effects through the JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK signaling pathways. We propose that 133p53 isoforms have evolved as inflammatory signaling molecules to deal with the consequent tissue damage of p53 activation. However, if sustained expression of the isoforms occur, pathologies may result.