Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a principles framework to guide action on Maori/Indigenous homelessness in Aotearoa incorporating Rangatiratanga (Maori self-determination), Whanau Ora (Government policy that places Maori families at the center of funding, policy and services) and Housing First.
Method: Three pathways were identified as creating opportunities for action on Maori homelessness: Te Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi is the Maori self-determination pathway; Whanau Ora, a government-sponsored policy supports whanau/family as the pathway for Maori wellbeing and disparities reduction; and Housing First, an international pathway with local application for homelessness that is being implemented in parts of Aotearoa. The potential opportunities of the three pathways shaped interviews with authoritative Maori about Maori principles (derived from the three pathways) for addressing Maori homelessness. Twenty interviews were conducted with Maori experts using Kaupapa Maori research processes, eliciting advice about addressing Maori homelessness. A principles framework called Whare Oranga was developed to synthesise these views.
Results: Addressing Maori homelessness must be anchored in rights-based and culturally aligned practice empowered by Maori worldviews, principles and processes. Te Tiriti o Waitangi, which endorses Maori tribal self-determination and authority, and Whanau Ora as a government obligation to reduce inequities in Maori homelessness, are the foundations for such action. Colonisation and historical trauma are root causes of Maori homelessness. Strong rights-based frameworks are needed to enact decolonisation and guide policy. These frameworks exist in Tino Rangatiratanga/Maori self-determination and Whanau Ora.
Conclusion: Whare Oranga: An Indigenous Housing Interventions Principles Framework was developed in Aotearoa/New Zealand to end Maori homelessness. Future research is needed on the practical application of this framework in ending Maori homelessness. Moreover, the use value of the Whare Oranga Framework as a workable approach to ending homelessness in other indigenous populations is yet to be considered.