Abstract
Background: Plant-based SOD has emerged as a key subject in modern research, mainly because of its critical function in reducing oxidative stress and its use in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. The rising interest in natural antioxidants has accelerated efforts to identify plant sources rich in SOD and to enhance its extraction using advanced technologies.
Scope and approach: This review highlights recent advances in extracting and purifying Plant-based SOD for industrial applications. It covers conventional methods, buffer-assisted extraction, and green technologies, including ultrasonic, enzymatic, pulsed electric field, high-pressure, and hybrid approaches that preserve the enzyme's activity. The advantages, limitations, and practical challenges of each method are evaluated. Due to SOD's sensitivity and the demand for process automation, machine-learning (ML)-assisted and intelligent extraction strategies are emphasized. Finally, it discusses future research and practical applications of SOD in developing bioactive food products.
Key findings and conclusion: The review indicates that plants are a valuable source for SOD extraction, highlighting the importance of accurate quantification and the selection of economically feasible sources. Within the spectrum of novel technologies, hybrid methods such as ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction appear to be the most practical choice due to their cost efficiency and well-established industrial implementation. High-purity SOD can be obtained using chromatographic methods, with its purity easily determined through electrophoresis and SOD assay kits, and predictable using ML-assisted techniques. Future research should focus on scalable, cost-efficient methods, sustainable sourcing, thorough enzyme characterization, and process standardization to fully unlock the Plant-based SOD therapeutic and industrial potential.