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Bidirectional perforators in the lower limb are not physiologically normal: A brief commentary
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Bidirectional perforators in the lower limb are not physiologically normal: A brief commentary

André M van Rij, Brigid G Hill and Kate N Thomas
Phlebology, Vol.39(2), pp.74-79
03/2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555231213146
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/10523/41204

Abstract

Humans Leg Varicose Veins Veins Venous Insufficiency
The suggestion that bidirectional flow is a normal feature seen in venous perforators of the lower leg has been a longstanding debate. Newer published evidence has changed the perspective on normal perforator flow and is presented here to resolve the misunderstandings and different viewpoints previously held.

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