Abstract
Efficacious typhoid fever vaccines have been available for decades. Typhoid fever burden of disease estimates indicate a substantial burden of illness and death in low-resource areas. The World Health Organization has recommended that countries consider the use of typhoid vaccines for high-risk groups and populations, and for outbreak control. Despite this, typhoid vaccines are not widely used in endemic areas. By examining strategies to improve burden of disease data, use of transmission dynamic models, economic evaluations, vaccine strategies, and experiences with typhoid vaccine pilot projects, the papers in this supplement help to plot the path toward rational and wider use of typhoid vaccines.