Abstract
Ischemia-related arrhythmic incidence is generally lower in females (vs males), though risk is selectively increased in women with underlying cardiopathology. Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion arrhythmias, yet the role of CaMKII in the ischemic female heart has not been determined. The aim of this study was to define the role and molecular mechanism of CaMKII activation in reperfusion arrhythmias in male/female hearts.
Male and female rat hearts and cardiomyocytes were subjected to multiple arrhythmogenic challenges. An increased capacity to upregulate autophosphorylated CaMKII (P-CaMKII) in Ca2+-challenged female hearts was associated with an enhanced ability to maintain diastolic function. In ischemia/reperfusion, female hearts (vs male) exhibited less arrhythmias (59±18 vs 548±9, s, p<0.05), yet had augmented P-CaMKII (2.69±0.30 vs 1.50±0.14, rel. units, p<0.05) and downstream phosphorylation of phospholamban (1.71±0.42 vs 0.90±0.10, p<0.05). In contrast, hypertrophic female hearts had more reperfusion arrhythmias and lower phospholamban phosphorylation. Isolated myocyte experiments (fura-2) confirmed Ca2+-handling arrhythmogenic involvement. Molecular analysis showed target specificity of CaMKII was determined by post-translational modification, with CaMKIIδB and CaMKIIδC splice variants selectively co-localized with autophosphorylation and oxidative modifications of CaMKII respectively.
This study provides new mechanistic evidence that CaMKIIδ splice variants are selectively susceptible to autophosphorylation/oxidation, and that augmented generation of P-CaMKIIδB(Thr287) is associated with arrhythmia suppression in the female heart. Collectively these findings indicate that therapeutic approaches based on selective CaMKII splice form targeting may have potential benefit, and that sex-selective CaMKII intervention strategies may be valid.
•Activation of cardiac CaMKII isoforms in reperfusion arrhythmias was investigated.•Females exhibited fewer arrhythmias even though P- CaMKIIδ levels were elevated.•Myocyte Ca handling alterations were linked with arrhythmogenic involvement.•CaMKIIδ isoforms exhibited differential phosphorylation & oxidation responses.•Selective CaMKII isoform targeting may have therapeutic sex-specific benefits.