Abstract
The effects of extraction process using three different solvents [50% aqueous acetone (Ace/w), 50% aqueous ethanol (Eth/w) or 50% aqueous methanol (Meth/w)] and wine production residue (seeds, skin and pomace) from Pinot noir [PN] and Pinot meunier [PM] on the phenolic profile and anti-influenza activity of their extracts were determined. Meth/w extracts resulted in the lowest (P < 0.05) total phenolic content (TPC) of seed extracts compared to other solvents, but the solvent extraction systems did not have an effect on TPC of pomace and grape skin. Pinot meunier pomace extracts had protective effects against influenza virus A at a concentration of 1 mg/mL whereas both seed and skin extracts were effective at 10 mg/mL. Meth/w extracts exhibited generally higher anti-influenza activity than other extracts. The anti-influenza activity of wine production residue extracts is not dependent on TPC.
•Meth/w extracts exhibited generally higher anti-influenza activity.•Pomace extracts exhibited higher anti-influenza activity than seed or grape skin.•Resveratrol is the most effective anti-influenza phenolic at low concentrations.•The ant-influenza activity of wine waste extracts is unrelated to TPC.