Abstract
The growing demand for rapid and reliable health monitoring drives significant advancements in enzyme-based electrochemical sensors for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. This review highlights recent developments in enzyme electrode technology, with a focus on surface modifications, immobilization techniques, and electrode materials that significantly enhance sensor stability, sensitivity, and accuracy in detecting critical health biomarkers. The integration of these electrochemical sensors with portable devices and smart technologies, enabled by innovative hardware and software designs, positions them as highly practical tools for clinical diagnostics and health monitoring. Despite these advances, several challenges persist in ensuring their broad applicability in diverse environments. This review explores these challenges and discusses future research directions. By providing these insights into current innovations and future possibilities, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and foster the continued development of enzyme-based electrochemical sensors in healthcare applications.