Abstract
Global health aims to improve health outcomes and promote equity by addressing transnational health issues through cross-disciplinary collaboration. This field merges preventive measures with clinical care to enhance health and reduce disparities. On the other hand, human well-being includes material and non-material factors that influence quality of life and personal fulfillment. Together, they are crucial for sustainable development, aligning with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Though often examined separately, understanding their interconnectedness can reveal the root causes of global challenges, such as pandemics and climate change, and inform comprehensive strategies for a healthier, more equitable world. This systematic review updates the current challenges and opportunities in global health and well-being. It highlights the importance of scalable, cost-effective solutions, incorporating global health, environmental sustainability, and local contexts to address issues like antimicrobial resistance (AMR), zoonotic diseases, and climate-related health impacts. The study advocates for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from medical microbiology, agriculture, environmental science, and traditional practices. Effective solutions should be holistic and inclusive, incorporating bioinformatics in AMR, One Health strategies, and sustainable food systems through regenerative agriculture. These recommendations support broader health equity goals, emphasizing the deep connections among human, animal, and environmental health that are essential for global well-being.