Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: What Should We Focus on to Improve the Clinical Outcomes?

Sultana Mehbuba Hossain; Kevin Ly; Yih Jian Sung; Antony Braithwaite; Kunyu Li

doi:10.3390/ijms251810120

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: What Should We Focus on to Improve the Clinical Outcomes?

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: What Should We Focus on to Improve the Clinical Outcomes?

Sultana Mehbuba Hossain, Kevin Ly, Yih Jian Sung, Antony Braithwaite and Kunyu Li

International journal of molecular sciences, Vol.25(18), 10120

20/09/2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810120

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https://hdl.handle.net/10523/42579

Abstract

ICI

melanoma

treatment resistance

epigenetic regulation

microbiota

anti-tumour immune response

predicting treatment outcomes

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by enhancing anti-tumour immune responses, demonstrating significant efficacy in various malignancies, including melanoma. However, over 50% of patients experience limited or no response to ICI therapy. Resistance to ICIs is influenced by a complex interplay of tumour intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This review summarizes current ICIs for melanoma and the factors involved in resistance to the treatment. We also discuss emerging evidence that the microbiota can impact ICI treatment outcomes by modulating tumour biology and anti-tumour immune function. Furthermore, microbiota profiles may offer a non-invasive method for predicting ICI response. Therefore, future research into microbiota manipulation could provide cost-effective strategies to enhance ICI efficacy and improve outcomes for melanoma patients.

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Record Identifier: 9926583628901891
Title: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: What Should We Focus on to Improve the Clinical Outcomes?
Creators: Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
Kevin Ly
Yih Jian Sung
Antony Braithwaite
Kunyu Li
Publication Details: International journal of molecular sciences, Vol.25(18), 10120
Academic Unit: Pathology and Molecular Medicine (DSM)
Publisher: MDPI
Grant note: This research was funded by Otago Medical Research Foundation (AG-400). S.M.H. is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the New Zealand Institute for Cancer Research Trust. Kevin Ly is supported by New Zealand Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship. A. Braithwaite is supported by New Zealand HRC programme grant (23/470). Y.J. Sung and Kunyu Li are supported by New Zealand HRC project grant (23/301).
Date published ; e-published: 20/09/2024
Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s) 2024. This work was first published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (MDPI). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided that the original work is properly attributed to the creator(s) and the source, a link to the Creative Commons license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.
Language: English
Resource Type ; Subtype: Journal article