Abstract
Lubrication is involved in all root canal treatment phases, from dental dam placement to canal obturation. Most often associated with instrumentation, lubrication is required to facilitate the mechanical action of hand/rotary files and to help emulsify and suspend the debris produced. Aqueous irrigation solutions such as sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) should be regarded as lubricants, but paste-type substances are marketed specifically for this purpose. As more patients demand the retention of challenging teeth with narrow and curved root canals, the importance of lubrication in all aspects of root canal treatment must be acknowledged.