Abstract
This paper shows that government debt creates a so far neglected wealth effect that has sizable effects on business cycle fluctuations. We present a channel through which governments can influence cyclical fluctuations generated by any type of shock and contribute to macroeconomic stability. We provide evidence for the United States that debt moves procyclical with output. Then, we build a Real Business Cycle model with Non-Ricardian agents and use rules to describe fiscal policy. We show that procyclical debt generates smaller fluctuations compared to countercyclical debt. The consequence is that classical Keynesian fiscal policy destabilizes the business cycle in our framework.