Abstract
Research suggests exposure to green and blue space can positively affect mental health. Recreational trout fishing is an activity that incorporates both environments, so may offer mental health benefits to participants. This cross-sectional study used an online survey to investigate the relationship between trout fishing and mental health and well-being among 1882 New Zealand anglers (93% male). Results revealed a linear dose-response relationship; more active anglers had higher well-being scores and lower psychological distress, anxiety, and depression scores. Active anglers were 52% less likely to report thoughts of self-harm and moderate-to-severe psychological distress and were 46% less likely to experience moderate-to-severe anxiety. Anglers who waded in the water, fished with companions, experienced angling success and walked further while fishing had better mental health scores. These findings suggest participation in trout fishing may enhance mental health and well-being and could serve as the foundation of a nature-based mental health intervention.