Abstract
Where once overpopulation was labelled a major threat to the planet, sub-replacement birth rates are increasingly the norm. In 2020, nearly two-thirds of the world's people lived in regions with birth rates below the replacement threshold of 2.1 (representing the average number of children each woman must have for a population to replace itself in a generation). In Europe, North America, and parts of Asia, rates are especially low—0.8 in North Korea, 1.2 in Italy and Spain, and 1.6 in USA. This demographic trend is already reshaping families, neighborhoods, and nations—and is labelled by some as an “existential crisis.” In this essay, I acknowledge the substantial challenges that dramatically reduced birth rates pose for individuals, communities, and nations, before suggesting that they also present an existential opportunity—a timely chance to reframe public discussion of demographic change and align policies and cultures for equality.