Abstract
In the physiotherapeutic literature scalenus anterior has been depicted as palpable and measurable by surface electromyography (EMG) within the posterior triangle of the neck, but without explaining in detail how this is achieved. The purpose of this study is to present the topographical anatomy of scalenus anterior in the posterior triangle of the neck, and consider the techniques of palpation and surface EMG from an anatomical perspective. The location of scalenus anterior within the posterior triangle was reviewed in anatomical textbooks and research literature, a dissection of a single embalmed cadaver (male, 64 years) and gross observation of transverse E12 plastinated slices. These resources revealed that the muscle belly of scalenus anterior is located below the level of C6 deep in the root of the neck, covered by various structures including the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and a substantial fat pad. This location suggests that neither palpation nor surface EMG recording of scalenus anterior is straightforward. Clinicians and researchers utilising these techniques should be aware of the topographic anatomy, and demonstrate this in a detailed methodology. This will help ensure that the techniques presented are both realistic and accurate, which are key aspects of evidence based practice.