Conference or Workshop Item (Poster)http://hdl.handle.net/10523/22642024-02-06T10:07:17Z2024-02-06T10:07:17ZHospitalisations for inflammatory bowel disease in New Zealand children and young peopleAdams, JudithMcAnally, HelenaTustin, KarenWicken, AndrewDuncanson, Mavishttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/163852024-01-24T00:58:31Z2023-11-20T23:17:44ZHospitalisations for inflammatory bowel disease in New Zealand children and young people
2023-10-09
Adams, Judith; McAnally, Helena; Tustin, Karen; Wicken, Andrew; Duncanson, Mavis
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) has peak incidence in the 15–25 years age group. The incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease is increasing, both in Aotearoa and worldwide. There is no cure for inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment aims to induce remission through controlling intestinal inflammation and then to maintain remission to promote nutrition and growth and prevent disease complications. Children and young people with IBD may need hospitalisation for colonoscopy and endoscopy under general anaesthesia (to confirm the diagnosis and to assess response to therapy), for treatment of disease flares, and for surgery.
2023-11-20T23:17:44ZCould we find poliovirus in Aotearoa’s wastewater?Duncanson, MavisWheeler, BenjaminMcIntyre, PeterChambers, StephenHuang, SueBocacao, JudyAndersen, ErikO'Connor, PatrickVoss, LesleyRoche, Geoffreyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/148482024-02-04T22:28:49Z2023-02-20T21:40:15ZCould we find poliovirus in Aotearoa’s wastewater?
2022
Duncanson, Mavis; Wheeler, Benjamin; McIntyre, Peter; Chambers, Stephen; Huang, Sue; Bocacao, Judy; Andersen, Erik; O'Connor, Patrick; Voss, Lesley; Roche, Geoffrey
Background:
A case of paralytic poliomyelitis in New York, and evidence of community transmission of poliovirus in London, raise questions about the potential risk of polio transmission in Aotearoa. The New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit contributes to the global polio eradication initiative through active surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and consideration of other data. The most recent case of wild poliovirus in Aotearoa was identified in a new arrival in 1977. The most recent case of vaccine-associated paralytic polio was in 1998, with no such cases since introduction of inactivated polio vaccine in 2002. Over 200 people enter Aotearoa each year from countries “infected or at risk of exporting polio”.
Methods:
A monthly survey is sent to paediatricians in Aotearoa, augmented by reports from Neurology Nurse Specialists at Starship Hospital, to identify cases of AFP. A detailed questionnaire and analysis of stool samples for poliovirus and nasopharyngeal swabs for enterovirus (including D68) are requested on reported cases. Opportunistic wastewater sampling for poliovirus is planned for 2023.
Results:
Reporting of 9–13 AFP cases per year meets the World Health Organization sensitivity requirement. From 2017–2021 there were 53 children aged under 15 years with AFP reported from 13 district health boards. Paediatricians reported 49% of cases with 51% direct from Neurology Nurse Specialists. Stool samples (provided for 58%–89% of cases) were negative for poliovirus, and NP swabs were negative for enterovirus. All cases were classified as ‘non-polio’. The most common clinical diagnosis was Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Wastewater testing for poliovirus is planned for 2023.
Conclusion:
Active surveillance of AFP by paediatricians and specialist nurses in Aotearoa improves the chances of identifying polio should it occur. Wastewater surveillance may be justified in the context of falling immunisation rates and open international borders.
2023-02-20T21:40:15ZTrends in Eating Disorder treatment rates among 10 to 24 year olds in AotearoaAdams, Judithvan Asten, HedwigMcAnally, HelenaTustin, KarenWicken, AndrewOben, GlendaRoy, MelyssaDuncanson, Mavishttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/146962024-02-04T22:28:49Z2023-01-06T22:13:56ZTrends in Eating Disorder treatment rates among 10 to 24 year olds in Aotearoa
2022-11
Adams, Judith; van Asten, Hedwig; McAnally, Helena; Tustin, Karen; Wicken, Andrew; Oben, Glenda; Roy, Melyssa; Duncanson, Mavis
Eating disorders hospitalisation rates among 10–24-year-olds have increased steadily since 2000. In the 15–19-year-old age group the rate has increased roughly four-fold, from around 10 to over 40 per 100,000 from 2009 to 2020. Sharp rises have occurred since the onset of COVID-19, in both out-patient and in-patient settings. Hospitalisation rates are highest in the European/Other ethnic group with a steady increase since 2006. Rates for Māori have increased year on year from 2016. Rates for areas of lesser socioeconomic deprivation have increased to a much greater extent than those for the most deprived quintiles. T
here have been steady and sizeable reductions in the average length of stay from 31 days in 2010 to 12 days in 2020. Rates of outpatient treatment have doubled for both 15–19 and 20–24-year-olds in the past decade.
A steady rise in ED hospitalisation rates has occurred over the last two decades, with a dramatic increase coinciding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nature and magnitude of these temporal trends in EDs in Aotearoa are consistent with global patterns.
The trends highlight the need to better understand the impacts and burden of EDs on children and young people, their families, communities, and the health services that support them.
2023-01-06T22:13:56ZA Context-aware Interface for Immersive Sports SpectatingLo, Wei HongRegenbrecht, HolgerEns, BarrettZollmann, Stefaniehttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/141892024-01-24T00:58:31Z2022-11-27T09:34:51ZA Context-aware Interface for Immersive Sports Spectating
2022-10
Lo, Wei Hong; Regenbrecht, Holger; Ens, Barrett; Zollmann, Stefanie
Novel Augmented Reality sports spectating interfaces allow on-site sports spectators to access game-related information by overlaying relevant digital data into their field of view. However, displaying all game-related information at once would overload the user. Therefore it is important to develop a suitable interface that is aware of the game context, the user’s context, and is able to display relevant information at the right time. We developed a state inference model based on spectators’ behavior and game states to provide a context-aware sports spectating interface. The interface gradually reveals information using different levels of detail that is based on the context of the game. As an implementation of our model, we created a prototype featuring a context-aware adaptive interface for a sports spectating scenario. Although our implementation is just a preliminary prototype, the goal of this research is to begin the exploration of intelligent context-aware interfaces to be used in on-site sports spectating.
2022-11-27T09:34:51ZLearning and teaching decision-making in the surgical clinical environment: The experience of medical students and their seniorsMohamed, FardowsaRichter, KonradAnakin, Meganhttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/128532024-02-04T22:28:49Z2022-04-25T20:48:09ZLearning and teaching decision-making in the surgical clinical environment: The experience of medical students and their seniors
2021-05
Mohamed, Fardowsa; Richter, Konrad; Anakin, Megan
Decision-making is a vital part of surgical practice. Decision-making can be difficult to teach and learn at all levels of medical education, from undergraduate students to senior training registrars. Decision-making can also be a challenging process to teach, learn and use effectively in surgical hospital environments. The surgical environment is one with challenging hierarchies, a culture of differing to seniors, and relationships within and between teams that may modify the way students learn and experience decision-making. Cultural and social phenomena, such as expectations, assumptions, and norms of behaviour may offer affordances or impose constraints on the ways students can learn and clinicians can teach decision-making and impact how students become decision-makers. How students view and experience decision making may be quite different to what surgical registrars and surgeons believe they are doing when they are teaching and modelling the decision-making process. We hypothesis that how students experience the teaching and learning about decision making in their classrooms may be different from their experiences of teaching and learning in the surgical clinical environment. This environment includes surgical wards, operating theatres, and clinics.
We aim to examine the way undergraduate medical students, surgical registrars, and senior surgeons view their interactions with one another when they teach and/or learn decision making in the surgical environment and how these views and experienced may impact students’ experiences of learning decision-making in the surgical clinical environment.
The overarching research questions guiding this study are:
• How do undergraduate medical students/surgical registrars/senior surgeons view and experience teaching/learning decision-making in the surgical clinical environment?
• What cultural and social phenomena do each group report promoting/inhibiting/experiencing the teaching/learning decision-making in the surgical clinical environment?
• How might cultural and social phenomena impact teaching/learning decision-making in the surgical clinical environment for each group of learners/teachers?
Outcomes from this study will be findings that shed light on the hidden ways that students may learn and be taught to become surgeons and doctors. Findings may help educators to identify possible barriers in their workplace environment and design more effective ways to teach and help their students learn how to make decisions.
A sociocultural perspective will frame this qualitative study. We will explore how the interactions among medical student, surgical registrar, and senior surgeon may impact a student’s view and experience of learning decision making. We acknowledge that medical students do not only acquire skills and knowledge to become doctors. They are also participants who are shaped by and who are actively re-shaping the culture of learning defined by medicine and the individuals practicing medicine in surgical clinical environments. We therefore designed a semi-structured interview protocol to examine the views and experiences of surgical decision making by these three groups of learners/teachers.
2022-04-25T20:48:09ZUsing Self Efficacy to Measure Undergraduate Students’ Confidence with Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORLHNS)Hehir, LaylaDawes, PatrickAnakin, Meganhttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/128522024-02-04T22:28:49Z2022-04-25T20:44:54ZUsing Self Efficacy to Measure Undergraduate Students’ Confidence with Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORLHNS)
2020-10
Hehir, Layla; Dawes, Patrick; Anakin, Megan
Using self-efficacy to measure undergraduate students’ confidence with ENT.
Layla Hehir1,2, Patrick Dawes1,2, Megan Anakin3
1Dunedin Public Hospital, Southern District Health Board, New Zealand,
2Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
3Education Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
Introduction. General practitioners, emergency physicians, and paediatricians often provide otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery (ORLHNS) care; however, they often feel unprepared for managing these conditions.1 Lack of confidence may reflect limited training opportunity to learn fundamental knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to manage ORLHNS conditions. The concept of self-efficacy is reported as a method for assessing confidence to manage ORLHNS conditions. 2
Aim. To investigate whether self-efficacy is useful for measuring undergraduate student confidence in ORLHNS.
Methods. A 30 item self-efficacy questionnaire was constructed requiring students to rate their confidence (0-100) to use fundamental knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with ORLHNS. It was administered to fourth-year undergraduate medical students before they commenced their ORLHNS run. Self-efficacy ratings were analysed to determine if they established a self-efficacy scale.
Results. Eighty students completed the questionnaire (100% response rate). The self-efficacy statements were found to be highly reliable (Cronbach alpha = .916). A factor analysis (principal component, varimax rotation) indicated that a one-factor solution was optimal; therefore, the contributions from the ORLHNS statements could be characterised as describing students’ confidence managing these conditions. Overall, student’s average self-efficacy rating was low (M = 32.61, SD = 25.97). The highest and lowest average ratings were for interpreting Rinne and Weber tests (M = 62.7, SD = 29.93), and performing flexible laryngoscopy on a manikin (M = 3.60, SD = 8.20), respectively.
Conclusion. Prior to undertaking an ORLHNS module, the student’s confidence to manage ORLHNS conditions is low. Understanding the variation in students’ confidence can be used to plan for differentiation in students’ learning experiences.
References
Ferguson GR, Bacila IA, Swamy M. Does current provision of undergraduate education prepare UK medical students in ENT? A systematic literature review. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010054.
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman. 1997.
2022-04-25T20:44:54ZTrans Wretchedness Theory and disrupting the focus on negative health outcomesWithey-Rila, CassieMorgaine, KateTreharne, Garethhttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/92912024-02-04T22:28:49Z2019-05-07T04:58:21ZTrans Wretchedness Theory and disrupting the focus on negative health outcomes
2019-05-04
Withey-Rila, Cassie; Morgaine, Kate; Treharne, Gareth
The number of academic publications on transgender, non-binary, and gender diverse (TGD) health issues has been steadily increasing over the years. This would generally be an indicator that health science is gaining a better understanding of the general health needs, and trans-specific health needs of our communities. In spite of these increases in the quantity of publications, we have yet to see the preponderance of trans-specific research that is trans-affirming or empowering in areas of language and framing. I propose that addressing the health outcomes of TGD populations without acknowledging the mechanisms of power and causes of marginalisation contribute to a larger cultural narrative of what can be referred to as ‘trans wretchedness’. The dominant discourses of ‘trans wretchedness’ in academic and popular science writing erase or deny our self-determination, resilience, and resistance. These discourses of TGD health outcomes and experiences are actively contributing to the predominantly negative cultural conceptualisations of our communities. Over the course of a systematic literature review for my Master’s in Public Health, exploring the positive experiences of transgender and gender diverse adults in Aotearoa, I formed a theory to account for and challenge these negative conceptualisations. In my talk I will outline the Trans Wretchedness Theory, provide examples of its predominance in current literature, and we will work through how academic language, cisgender lens, and the perpetuation of Other have been (perhaps unintentionally) maintaining a framework of trans-negative associations for even the most well intended health science investigations.
2019-05-07T04:58:21ZMaking health easier: Reducing inequalities in child health through addressing low health literacyAdams, Judithhttp://hdl.handle.net/10523/87082024-02-04T22:28:49Z2018-12-03T01:16:25ZMaking health easier: Reducing inequalities in child health through addressing low health literacy
2018
Adams, Judith
Background:
Low health literacy is a major contributor to disparities in child health outcomes between different population
groups and a powerful mediator of the social determinants of health. This review aimed to identify effective
interventions for improving health literacy at the levels of the individual, the population and the health
system, and offer some suggestions on ways to make it easier for people to navigate the health system and
manage their own and their children’s health.
Methods:
A rapid review to examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to improve health
literacy, and to mitigate the effects of low health literacy. The publications reviewed included systematic
reviews, reviews of reviews, commissioned evidence syntheses, and guidelines produced by government
agencies and professional bodies in high-income English-speaking countries.
Results:
The evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for individuals with low health literacy comes from
studies of interventions for patients in clinical settings with specific health conditions such as asthma or
diabetes. There is considerable variation between studies in interventions and outcome measures but it is
possible to identify some intervention characteristics associated with improvements in patients’ knowledge,
understanding, health behaviours and health outcomes. Information technology interventions are promising
but further evaluation is needed. There is scant research on health literacy interventions for populations
probably because of a lack of consensus on what population heath literacy is and how to measure it. There
are many ways health services can reduce health literacy barriers. Future research on health system
interventions should measure health outcomes according to participants’ health literacy levels to assess
whether interventions reduce health disparities.
Conclusions:
We need to make it easier for people to manage their children’s health. Partnering with healthcare
consumers is essential for understanding the patient perspective and making health services more user
friendly.
2018-12-03T01:16:25Z