Abstract
Purpose: It has been identified that elite male athletes are at risk of failing to meet their high energy demands. This issue can cause a bodily state of Low Energy Availability (LEA); the aetiology of harmful syndromes known as Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) and the Female Athlete Triad (Triad). This state can have a wide range of effects on health. Assessing the energy availability (EA) status of rugby league (RL) players has not previously been undertaken. However, it could be an important measure for nutritionists working with this cohort; identifying actual EA status will provide a gage on how at risk these athletes are for LEA. Furthermore, investigating potential influential factors of LEA amongst this population may provide information for future prevention programs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the energy availability of a cohort of elite male rugby league players. Methods: Diet and training records were taken over a 3-day period, at two time points during the preseason. Additionally, blood and saliva samples were taken for the measurement of three different LEA biomarkers (testosterone, blood glucose, and triiodothyronine). Alongside these measurements, an Eating Disorder Inventory-3 questionnaire was distributed amongst the players to obtain body perception ideals. Results: Carbohydrate intake and overall EA status was low and below recommendations. Protein intake was adequate, and fat intake is likely to be overconsumed. LEA biomarkers were within normal physiological range; however, blood glucose and triiodothyronine significantly declined from the first preseason time point (January) to the second (February). Results from the EDI-3 scale indicate that RL players may be at higher risk of body dissatisfaction than is currently known. Lastly, international had no effect on dietary intake or overall EA status amongst these participants. Conclusion: RL players may be consuming less than adequate carbohydrate and overall energy. Additionally, this sporting group may be at higher risk of body dissatisfaction than is perceived.