Exposure to ethanol in utero can result in life-long disability. Ethanol is neurotoxic, and exposure of high doses during development results in widespread cell death. A particular brain region of interest that is affected ...

Introduction: Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an array of disorders attributed to CNS damage, behavioural and social manifestations after varying degrees of prenatal exposure to alcohol. Due to the majority ...

Background: Complications due to errors made by health practitioners are a major cause of concern and a source of distress, disability, and death in patients. In addition, they are associated with litigation and impose a ...

Obesity has quickly become an epidemic, and there has been a concomitant increase in the prevalence of obesity during pregnancy. Together human and animal studies have revealed that over-nutrition is a high risk factor ...

Globally there is a trend of declining fertility rates, particularly among urbanised nations. Today there is increasing evidence that reduced fertility in men is associated with increasing age with male factor infertility ...

The reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) is located between cerebral cortex, motor thalamus and the basal ganglia and thought to be implicated in the inhibitory-mediated regulation of motor control. Parkinson’s disease is a ...

Inhibins and activins are essential for normal reproductive and endocrine function. Previous literature showed that loss of INHA encoding for inhibin-α subunit in mice results in development of gonadal (sex-cord stromal) ...

Reproductive function is an adaptive system that is critical for the survival of all species. In vertebrates, fertility (the ability to reproduce) is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This axis ...

Many studies have observed that sperm quality decreases both in humans and other animals as individual’s age; however, the direct effects of age on reproduction and offspring fitness are not yet fully understood. A preliminary ...

RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is part of a class of neuropeptides characterised by an arginine-phenylalanine-amide motif at their C-terminus. Direct pituitary actions have been proposed for RFRP-3, either via ...