BACKGROUND: This investigation concerns a structure within the pancreaticoduodenal region of the body, known as the pancreaticobiliary junction (PBJ), which is formed from the convergence of the terminal common bile and ...

People carrying the Lapita culture, which first appeared in the Bismarck archipelago c. 3300 BP, were the first colonists of Remote Oceania. While over 200 Lapita sites have been identified throughout the Pacific, very few ...

Declined learning and memory ability is common in aged individuals. Such age-related cognitive decline is associated with the dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and its adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal and ...

Aging is characterized by an increased risk of cognitive deficits. It was shown using rodents that aging is associated with a significant reduction in the function of hippocampus, the brain structure important in forming ...

Surface anatomy is routinely taught to medical and anatomy students and is a core component of human anatomy in clinical practice. Accurate surface anatomy and awareness of variations are both essential for safe clinical ...

Background: The ulnar nerve is a major nerve in the upper limb and is susceptible to injury, particularly in the region of the cubital tunnel. A suspected mechanism of injury at this site is ischaemia. Whilst this can be ...

The gonadal steroid estradiol has widespread and diverse actions within the brain, although many of the cellular mechanisms responsible are unknown. This study extends a previous observation that estradiol can modulate ...

The adrenal medulla regulates the acute stress response and is itself controlled through a variety of signals, including neuronal, endocrine and paracrine factors. Additionally, recent literature suggests that adrenal ...

Exposure to ethanol during the third trimester brain growth spurt can have detrimental effects. Damage to the central nervous system being the most severe outcome resulting from prenatal ethanol exposure causing a range ...

Cryptic female choice (CFC), a form of sexual selection post mating, describes processes that lead to a bias of fertilization outcomes towards certain males. In Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an external ...