A large body of epidemiological evidence shows that children who consume raw bovine milk in early life have reduced incidence of allergies and asthma in later life; while consumption of heat-treated, or processed milk, ...

The interferon (IFN) effector response is induced in cells through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by type 1, type 2 and type 3 IFNs. This results in the upregulation of hundreds of genes, many of which are involved in ...

Inhibitory receptor (iR) expression is a hallmark of T cell dysfunction. In situations of chronic antigen exposure, such as in a tumour, antigen-specific T cells undergo a shift in programming, which makes them more ...

Broccoli sprout powder (BSP) is a rich source of glucosinolates that can be hydrolysed to isothiocyanates by enzyme myrosinase when the powder comes into contact with water. The major isothiocyanate produced in broccoli ...

In common with other poxviruses, orf virus (ORFV) is believed to induce drastic changes in the host intracellular environment through expression of an arsenal of virulence factors. The ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are ...

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate of any cancer. Only a subset of CRC patients respond to immunotherapies. This lack of response may be due to the ...

Anti-tumour T cell responses have a critical role in determining patient outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the generation of favourable immune responses in humans is poorly understood. Mouse models of CRC often ...

Members of the Mycobacterium genus are well known for their energetic flexibility, a trait which they exploit to grow and survive under a wide range of oxygen tensions, including hypoxia. Contributing to this flexibility ...

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of CD8+ innate-like T cells that play an important role in the immune response to bacterial infections. Being characterised by the expression of a unique ...