Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 13 months after diagnosis. New Zealand has among the highest melanoma rates in the world with more than 2000 cases registered every year. Metastatic ...

Since the publication in 1943 of Papanicolau and Traut’s monograph on vaginal cytology, much attention has been focussed on the cells, both normal and neoplastic, exfoliating from almost every body surface. From the ...

The PAired boX (PAX) family is a group of related genes that are highly conserved throughout evolution and are known to play important roles in mammalian development. So far nine members of the PAX gene family (PAX1-9) ...

Greater understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying recurrent driver mutations is revolutionising the clinical management of melanoma. However given the association between UV radiation and UV-associated DNA ...

Cervical cancer in females is a worldwide health issue. High risk subtype of human papilloma viruses (HPV) are involved as a major risk factor. HPV oncogenes, E7 and E6 which are over-expressed in the host cells and promote ...

Background The most common endocrine malignancy is thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid carcinoma constitutes for 0.5% of all cancer deaths. In New Zealand, thyroid carcinoma is less than 1% of all cancer registrations. In New ...

The immune system has the potential to detect and destroy tumour cells, however naturally occurring anti-tumour immunity is not always capable of controlling tumour growth. Immunotherapy can harness the anti-tumour function ...

Foreword: In recent years knowledge of the clinical and pathological features of hepatitis has so increased that the disease has now become the subject of reviews (e.g: Sodeman 1946, Editorial, Ann. Int. Med. 1946, Dible ...

Uterine smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) are diagnostically and clinically challenging. A mean to distinguish benign STUMP (leiomyoma) from malignant STUMP (leiomyosarcoma) is required. Chronic ...

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that affects between 1 in 400 to in 1000 people worldwide. PKD is a ciliopathy and is characterized by fluid-filled cysts that form in both kidneys, causing significant ...