Relationships Matter: The Role and Impact of Younger International Development Volunteers

Abstract

The role of international development volunteering (IDV) has evolved from the 1980’s, both in practice and in theory. A body of literature analyses international volunteering through neoliberal and neo-colonial expressions, critiquing the role of volunteering in relation to Western dominance and a lack of state intervention. Very little research exists, however, around the specific relations between volunteers and their host communities, and outputs from the relationships and understandings that are forged during volunteer assignments. Younger volunteers in particular are considered to perpetuate colonial and neoliberal ideals, yet little research has explored their function in detail, nor considered the potential within the relationships they establish. By drawing specifically on New Zealand’s Volunteer Service Abroad and its UniVol programme, which places university students on year-long volunteer assignments, this research will explore examples of the roles and functions that younger volunteers can fulfil. Using largely qualitative data drawn from key informant interviews, focus groups, and observation, it is the aim of this research to understand the conditions and requirements that allow youth IDV volunteers to make effective contributions in host communities. Within this, the value of relationships will become clear. How such relationships can build social capital, open networks, establish trust and create a mutual and reciprocal volunteering experience will be considered, arguing that the formation of relationships is in essence integral to delivering valued IDV assignments. The key findings of this thesis suggest that when assignments provide appropriate support and working conditions, alongside effective recruitment and briefing processes, the potential to deliver relevant volunteering assignments for hosts increases. Hosts are more likely to benefit from volunteering assignments that aim to develop strong connections between individuals, creating a dynamic that encourages mutual interaction.