An assessment of smartphone and low-cost multi-GNSS single-frequency RTK positioning for low, medium and high ionospheric disturbance periods
Odolinski, Robert; Teunissen, Peter J. G.
Cite this item:
Odolinski, R., & Teunissen, P. J. G. (2018). An assessment of smartphone and low-cost multi-GNSS single-frequency RTK positioning for low, medium and high ionospheric disturbance periods. Journal of Geodesy, 1–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1192-5
Permanent link to OUR Archive version:
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/8299
Abstract:
The emerging GNSSs make single-frequency (SF) RTK positioning possible. In this contribution two different types of low-cost (few hundred USDs) RTK receivers are analyzed, which can track L1 GPS, B1 BDS, E1 Galileo and L1 QZSS, or any combinations thereof, for a location in Dunedin, New Zealand. These SF RTK receivers can potentially give competitive ambiguity resolution and positioning performance to that of more expensive (thousands USDs) dual-frequency (DF) GPS receivers. A smartphone implementation of one of these SF receiver types is also evaluated. The least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE) procedure is first used to formulate a realistic stochastic model, which assures that our receivers at hand can achieve the best possible ambiguity resolution and RTK positioning performance. The best performing low-cost SF RTK receiver types are then assessed against DF GPS receivers and survey-grade antennas. Real data with ionospheric disturbances at low, medium and high levels are analyzed, while making use of the ionosphere-weighted model. It will be demonstrated that when the presence of the residual ionospheric delays increases, instantaneous RTK positioning is not possible for any of the receivers, and a multi-epoch model is necessary to use. It is finally shown that the low-cost SF RTK performance can remain competitive to that of more expensive DF GPS receivers even when the ionospheric disturbance level reaches a Kp-index of 7−, i.e. for a strong geomagnetic storm, for the baseline at hand.
Date:
2018
Publisher:
Springer
Pages:
1-22
ISSN:
1432-1394
Rights Statement:
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecomm
ons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Keywords:
Smartphone RTK; Low-cost RTK receiver; Ionosphere-weighted models; Kp-index; Multi-GNSS; L1 GPS; B1 BDS; E1 Galileo; L1 QZSS
Research Type:
Journal Article
Languages:
English
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- Journal Article [918]
- Surveying [119]
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