dc.description.references | Agardy, Tundi, Peter Bridgewater, Michael P. Crosby, Jon Day, Paul K. Dayton, Richard Kenchington, Dan Laffoley, Patrick McConney, Peter A. Murray, John E. Parks & Lelei Peau. 2003. Dangerous targets? Unresolved issues and ideological clashes around marine protected areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13: 353-367.
Alcala, Angel C. & Garry R. Russ. 1990. A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources. ICES Journal of Marine Science/J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 46: 40-47.
Allison, Gary W., Jane Lubchenco & Mark H. Carr. 1998. Marine reserves are necessary but not sufficient for marine conservation. Ecological Applications 8(1), supplement: S79-S92.
Anderson, Lee G. 2002. A bioeconomic analysis of marine reserves. Natural Resource Modeling 15(3): 311-334.
Apostolaki, P., Eleanor J. Milner-Gulland, Murdoch K. McAllister & Geoff P. Kirkwood. 2002. Modelling effects of establishing a marine reserve for mobile fish species. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59(3): 405-415.
Beattie, Alisdair, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Villy Christensen & Daniel Pauly. 2002. A model for the bioeconomic evaluation of marine protected area size and placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modeling 15(4): 414-437.
Béné, Christophe & Alexander Tewfik, A. 2003. Biological evaluation of marine protected area: evidence of crowding effect on a protected population of Queen Conch in the Caribbean. Marine Ecology 24(1): 45-58.
Bennett, B.A. & C.G. Attwood. 1991. Evidence for recovery of a surf-zone fish assemblage following the establishment of a marine reserve on the southern coast of South Africa. Marine Ecology Progress Series 75: 179-181.
Beverton, Raymond J.H. & Sidney J. Holt. 1957. On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: London.
Bhat, Mahadev G. 2003. Application of non-market valuation to the Florida Keys marine reserve management. Journal of Environmental Management 67: 315-325.
Bohnsack, James.A. 1998. Application of marine reserves to reef fisheries management. Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 298-304.
Botsford, Louis.W., Juan Carlos Castilla, & Charles H. Peterson. 1997. The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science 277: 509.
Botsford, Louis.W., Alan Hastings, & Steven D. Gaines. 2001. Dependence of sustainability on the configuration of marine reserves and larval dispersal distance. Ecology Letters 4: 144-150.
Botsford, Louis.W., Fiorenza Micheli, & Alan Hastings. 2003. Principles for the design of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 13(1) Supplement: S25-S31.
Brown, Gardner & Jonathan Roughgarden. 1997. A metapopulation model with private property and a common pool. Ecological Economics 22: 65-71.
Bulte, Erwin H. & G. Cornelis van Kooten. 1999. Metapopulation dynamics and stochastic bioeconomic modelling. Ecological Economics 30: 293-299.
Christie, Patrick, Alan White and Evelyn Deguit. 2002. Starting point or solution? Community-based marine protected areas in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Management 66: 441-454.
Clark, Colin.W. 1996. Marine reserves and the precautionary management of fisheries. Ecological Applications 6(2): 369-370.
Cohen, Dan. 1966. Optimizing reproduction in a randomly varying environment. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12: 119-129.
Conrad, Jon M. 1999. The bioeconomics of marine sanctuaries. Journal of Bioeconomics 1: 205-217.
Côté, I.M., Mosquiera, I. and Reynolds, J.D. 2001. Effects of marine reserve characteristics on the protection of fish populations: a meta-analysis. Journal of Fish Biology 59 (supp. A): 178-189.
Crowder, L.B., Lyman, S.J., Figueira, W.F. & Priddy, J. 2000. Source-sink population dynamics and the problem of siting marine reserves. Bulletin of Marine Science 66 (3): 799-820.
Davidson, R.J. 2001. Changes in population parameters and behaviour of blue cod (Paraoercis colias; Pinguipedidae) in Long Island—Kokomohua Marine Reserve, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 11: 417-435.
DeMartini, Edward E. 1993. Modeling the potential for fishery reserves for managing Pacific coral reef fishes. Fishery Bulletin 91(3): 414-427.
Doyen, Luc & Christophe Béné. 2003. Sustainability of fisheries through marine reserves: a robust modelling analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 69: 1-13.
Edgar, Graham J. & Neville S. Barrett. 1999. Effects of the declaration of marine reserves on Tasmanian reef fishes, invertebrates and plants. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 242: 107-144.
Francis, Julius, Agneta Nilsson & Dixon Wareuinga. 2002. Marien protected areas in Eastern African Region: how successful are they? Ambio 31(708): 503-511.
Gaines, Steven D., Brian Gaylord & John L. Largier. 2003. Avoiding Current Oversights in Marine Reserve Design. Ecological Applications 13(1) Supplement: S32-S46.
Gell, Fiona R. and Callum M. Roberts. 2002. The fishery effects of marine reserves and fishery closures. World Wildlife Fund, United States, Washington DC.
Gell, Fiona.R. & Callum M. Roberts. 2003. Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 18(9): 448-455.
Gerber, Leah R., Louis W. Botsford, Alan Hastings, Hugh P. Possingham, Steven D. Gaines, Stephen R. Palumbi, and Sandy Andelman. 2003. Population models for marine reserve design: a retrospective and prospective synthesis. Ecological Applications 13(1), supplement: S47-S64.
Grafton, R. Quentin, Pham Van Ha & Tom Kompas. 2004. Saving the Seas: The Economic Justification for Marine Reserves. Economics and Environment Network Working Paper 0402. http://een/download_files/een0402.pdf
Guénette, Sylvie, Tim Lauck & Colin Clark. 1998. Marine reserves: from Beverton Holt to the present. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 8: 251-272.
Guénette, Sylvie & Tony J. Pitcher. 1999. An age-structured model showing the benefits of marine reserves in controlling overexploitation. Fisheries Research 39: 295-303.
Guidetti, Paolo. 2002. The importance of experimental design in detecting the effects of protection measures on fish in Mediterranean MPAs. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12: 619-634.
Halpern, Benjamin S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13(1), supplement: S117-S137.
Halpern, Benjamin S. & Robert R. Warner. 2002. Marine reserves have rapid and lasting effects. Ecology Letters 5: 361-366.
Halpern, Benjamin S. & Robert R. Warner. 2003. Matching marine reserve design to reserve objectives. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 270: 1871-1878.
Hannesson, Rögnvaldur. 1998. Marine reserves: what would they accomplish? Marine Resource Economics 13: 159-170.
Hannesson, Rögnvaldur. 2002. The economics of marine reserves. Natural Resource Modeling 15(3): 273-290.
Hastings, Alan & Louis W. Botsford. 1999. Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284: 1537-1538.
Hastings, Alan & Louis W. Botsford. 2003. Comparing designs of marine reserves for fisheries and biodiversity. Ecological Applications 13(1), supplement: S65-S70.
Helvey, M. 2004. Seeking consensus on designing marine protected areas: keeping the fishing community engaged. Coastal Management 32: 173-190.
Holland, Daniel S. 2000. A bioeconomic model of marine sanctuaries on Georges Bank. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57(6): 1307-1319.
Holland, Daniel S. 2002. Integrating marine protected areas. Natural Resource Modeling 15(3): 369-386.
Holland, Daniel S. & Richard J. Brazee. 1996. Marine reserves for fisheries management. Marine Resource Economics 11: 157-171.
Holland, Daniel S. & Jon G. Sutinen. 2000. Location Choice in New England Trawl Fisheries: Old Habits Die Hard. Land Economics 76(1): 133-149.
Hyrenbach, K. David, Karin A. Forney & Paul K. Dayton. 2000. Marine protected areas and ocean basin management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Frashwater Ecosystems 10: 437-458.
Inglis, G. 1992. Ambiguities in the identification and selection of representative marine reserves. Pp. 23-28 in C.N. Battershill et al. (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Temperate Reef Symposium, 7-10 January 1992, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jennings, Simon. 2001. Patterns and prediction of population recovery in marine reserves. . Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 209-231.
Johannes, Robert Earl. 1978. Traditional marine conservation methods in Oceania and their demise. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9: 349-364.
Jones, Peter J.S. 1999. Marine nature reserves in Britain: past lessons, current status and future issues. Marine Policy 23(4-5): 375-396.
Kramer, Donald L. & Matthew R. Chapman. 1999. Implications of fish home range size and relocation for marine reserve function. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55: 65-79.
Lauck, Tim, Colin W. Clark, Marc Mangel, & Gordon R. Munro. 1998. Implementing the precautionary principle in fisheries management through marine reserves. Ecological Applications 8(1), supplement: S72-S78.
Levins, Richard. 1970. Extinction. In Gerstenhaber, M. (Ed.) Some Mathematical Problems in Biology, American Mathematical Society, Providence Rhode Island, pp. 77-107.
Lockwood, Dale R., Alan Hastings & Luois W. Botsford. 2002. The effects of dispersal patterns on marine reserves: does the tail wag the dog? Theoretical Population Biology 61: 297-309.
Ludwig, Don, Ray Hilborn, & Carl Walters. 1993. Uncertainty, resource exploitation and conservation: lessons from history. Science 260: 7, 36.
Mangel, Marc. 1998. No-take areas for sustainability of harvested species and a conservation invariant for marine reserves. Ecology Letters 1: 87-90.
Mangel, Marc. 2000a. On the fraction of habitat allocated to marine reserves. Ecology Letters 3: 15-22.
Mangel, Marc. 2000b. Irreducible uncertainties, sustainable fisheries and marine reserves. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2: 547-557.
McClanahan, T.R. & B. Kaunda-Arara. 1996. Fishery recovery in a coral-reef marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery. Conservation Biology 10 (4): 1187-1199.
McClanahan, T.R. & S. Mangi. 2000. Spillover of exploitable fishes from a marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery. Ecological Applications 10 (6): 1792-1805.
National Research Council. 2001. Marine protected areas: tools for sustaining ocean ecosystems. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.
Neubert, Michael G. 2003. Marine reserves and optimal harvesting. Ecology Letters 6: 843-849.
Pauly, Daniel, Villy Christensen Sylvie Guénette, Tony J. Pitcher, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Carl Walters, R. Watson, & Dirk Zeller. 2002. Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418: 689-695.
Pezzey, John C.V., Callum M. Roberts & Bjorn T. Urdal. 2000. A simple bioeconomic model of a marine reserve. Ecological Economics 33: 77-91.
Pimm, Stuart L. 1984. The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307: 321-325.
Polacheck, Tom. 1990. Year round closed areas as a management tool. Natural Resource Modeling 4(3): 327-354.
Pulliam, H. Ronald. 1988. Source, sinks, and population regulation. The American Naturalist 132(5): 652-661.
Rakitin Ana and Donald L. Kramer. 1996. Effect of a marine reserve on the distribution of coral reef fishes in Barbados. Marine Ecology Progress Series 131: 97-113.
Roberts, C.M., James Bohnsack, Fiona Gell, Julie P. Hawkins & Renate Goodridge. 2001. Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294: 1920-1923.
Roberts, Callum .M., George Branch, Rodrigo H. Bustamante, Juan Carlos Castilla, Jenifer Dugan, Benjamin S. Halpern, Kevin D. Lafferty, Heather Leslie, Jane Lubchenco, Deborah McArdle, Mary Ruckelhaus, & Robert R. Warner. 2003. Application of ecological criteria in selecting marine reserves and developing reserve networks. Ecological Applications 13(1), supplement: S215-S228.
Roberts, Callum M. & Helen Sargant. 2002. Fishery benefits of fully protected marine reserves: why habitat and behavior are important. Natural Resource Modeling 15(4): 487-507.
Roughgarden, Jonathan & Yoh Iwasa. 1986. Dynamics of a metapopulation with space-limited subpopulations. Theoretical Population Biology 29: 235-261.
Rowley, Robert J. 1994. Case studies and reviews: marine reserves in fisheries management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 4: 233-254.
Russ, Garry R. Yet another review of marine reserves as reef management tools, in (Peter F. Sale, Ed.) Coral Reef Fishes: Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem, Academic Press: Amsterdam, pp 421-443.
Sanchirico, James N. & James E. Wilen. 1999. Bioeconomics of spatial exploitation in a patchy environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 37: 129-150.
Sanchirico, James N. & James E. Wilen. 2001. A bioeconomic model of marine reserve creation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 42: 257-276.
Sanchirico, James N. & James E. Wilen, J.E. 2002. The impacts of marine reserves on limited-entry fisheries. Natural Resource Modeling 15(3): 291-310.
Shaffer, Mark L. 1981. Minimum population sizes for species conservation. Bioscience 31: 131-134.
Sladek Nowlis, Joshua & Callum M. Roberts. 1998. Fisheries benefits and optimal design of marine reserves. Fishery Bulletin 97: 604-616.
Smith, Martin D. & James E. Wilen. 2003. Economic impacts of marine reserves: the importance of spatial behavior. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46: 183-206.
Stamps, J.A., Buechner, M. and V.V. Krishnan. 1987. The effects of edge permeability and habitat geometry on emigration from patches of habitat. American Naturalist 129: 533-552.
Sumaila, Ussif Rashid 1998. Protected marine reserves as fisheries management tools: a bioeconomic analysis. Fisheries Research 37: 287-296.
Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, Sylvie Guénette, Jackie Alder & Rana Chuenpagdee. 2000. Addressing ecosystem effects of fishing using marine protected areas. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 752-760.
Trippel, Edward A. 1995. Age at maturity as a stress indicator in fisheries. Bioscience 45: 759-771.
Tuck, Geoffrey N. & Hugh P. Possingham. 1994. Optimal harvesting strategies for a metapopulation. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 56(1): 107-127.
Tuck, Geoffrey N. & Hugh P. Possingham. 2000. Marine protected areas for spatially structured exploited stocks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 192: 89-101.
Turner, S.J., Thrush, S.F., Hewitt, J.E., Cummings, V.J. and Funnel, G. 1999. Fishing impacts and the degradation or loss of habitat structure. Fisheries Management and Ecology 6: 401-420.
United Nations. 2002. World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation. Division for Sustainable Development, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/WSSD_POI_PD/English/POIToc.htm.
Walters, Carl J., Daniel Pauly and Villy Christensen. 1999. Ecospace: prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of marine protected areas. Ecosystems 2: 539-554.
Walters, Carl J. & Ray Hilborn. 1978. Ecological optimization and adaptive management. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9: 157-188.
Walters, Carl W. 2000. Impacts of dispersal, ecological interactions and fishing effort dynamics on efficacy on marine protected areas: how large should protected areas be? Bulletin of Marine Science 66(3):
Ward, Trevor J., Dennis Heinemann & Nathan Evans. 2001. The Role of Marine Reserves as Fisheries Management Tools: A Review of Concepts, Evidence and International Experience. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra, 192 pp.
Wilen, James, E., Martin D. Smith, Dale Lockwood & Louis W. Botsford. 2002. Avoiding Surprises: Incorporating Fisherman Behavior into Management Models. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(2): 553-575. | en_NZ |