Sea urchin larvae are particularly vulnerable to enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure as they are small, highly transparent, undergo rapid cell division and occupy the upper regions of the water column. Anthropogenically ...

Great congregations of seabirds in coastal areas of the Southern Ocean result in delivery of nutrient-rich guano to coastal waters potentially enhancing productivity and supporting biodiversity in the region. The magnitude ...

Blackfoot pāua (Haliotis iris) is a species of considerable commercial, customary and recreational value to New Zealand. Sustainable management of H. iris stocks is a challenge for fisheries managers due to its reef scale ...

Intertidal ecosystems are characterized by periodic variations in the water column throughout tidal cycles, a situation that can induce changes in the physiological balance of organisms that live there. If low tide occurs ...

In the marine environment, 84% of eco-regions have been subject to biological invasions. These invasions can be ecologically costly through displacing native species, shifting community structure, altering food webs, and ...

High resolution sub-bottom reflection seismic profiles, sediment sample analysis and visual observation of the Karitane Canyon are correlated with multichannel seismics, known sediment distribution patterns and information ...

New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) is a pinniped endemic to New Zealand and is among the rarest of sea lion species. New Zealand sea lions are incidentally caught in the trawl fishery for squid around the Auckland ...

The mid-latitude westerly winds are a strong, zonally symmetric atmospheric circulation feature in the Southern Hemisphere that directly influence climate and carbon cycling in the middle to high latitudes. In order to ...

Under future ocean warming, thermal tolerance of developmental stages may be a key driver of changes in the geographical distributions and abundance of marine invertebrates. Additional stressors such as ocean acidification ...

Photography is one of the most widely used tools in conservation biology. In the analysis of social species, analyses of photographic identification data are used to infer the degree of association among uniquely marked ...