Abstract
Green-Lipped Mussel Oil (GLMO) is known for its anti-inflammatory properties in treating conditions such as osteoarthritis. However, its potential therapeutic effects on dental pulp inflammation, particularly in reversible pulpitis, has remained unexplored. This study aimed to determine the effects of GLMO on inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated carious human dental pulp cells (cHDPC).
The viability of cHDPCs following GLMO treatment was assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assays, and the anti-inflammatory effect of GLMO on LPS-stimulated HDPCs was assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to measure interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Micelle size and stability of the GLMO treatments was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
Results showed that GLMO at 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL enhanced cHDPC viability to 157% and 135% respectively, whereas concentrations above 100 µg/mL or those containing Tween 80 exhibited cytotoxicity, decreasing the cell viability percentages below 100%. Upon evaluation of GLMO’s anti-inflammatory effects, GLMO exhibited a biphasic response for IL-6 secretion to LPS stimulation, where a slight initial increase in the mean IL-6 concentration by 2893 pg/ml and 112 pg/ml (with addition of GLMO at 50 µg/mL and GLMO at 100 µg/mL respectively) within 6 hours was followed by a significant reduction in the mean IL-6 concentration by 6421 pg/ml and 10928 pg/ml (with addition of GLMO at 50 µg/mL and GLMO at 100 µg/mL respectively) at 24 hours, suggesting a delayed anti-inflammatory effect. DLS analysis confirmed that the GLMO solutions were highly stable, though micelle coalescence occurred over time, emphasizing the need to use freshly prepared samples for the treatments.
These findings suggest that GLMO exhibits promising anti-inflammatory properties in a pulpal environment and may support pulp repair and regeneration. This could have great significance in clinical usage towards optimizing treatment outcomes for patients with reversible pulpitis.